本書與其他美國大學(xué)預(yù)修課程(Advanced Placement,簡稱AP)物理備考書有什么不同?
備考書的質(zhì)量與作者息息相關(guān)。自1996年以來,格雷格·雅各布斯(Greg Jacobs)教授過各種版本的AP(和非AP)物理課程。他教過的學(xué)生中,物理考試的通過率超過99%,超過70%的學(xué)生獲得滿分(5分)。格雷格是AP考試的出卷人兼評卷人。他還通過他的個人博客培訓(xùn)教師如何針對考試進(jìn)行教學(xué)。格雷格對自己的教學(xué)內(nèi)容了如指掌,學(xué)生的考試成績和教學(xué)反饋便是最好的證明。
AP物理1主要強(qiáng)調(diào)概念理解而不是代數(shù)運(yùn)算,本書也是如此。許多人認(rèn)為物理是一門找到正確數(shù)字來代入正確方程式的學(xué)科,這與事實(shí)相去甚遠(yuǎn)。優(yōu)秀的物理專業(yè)學(xué)生能夠解釋他們?yōu)槭裁催x擇某個特定的方程式,每個變量賦予哪些數(shù)值才合理、為什么合理,能夠解釋任何數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算的物理意義這個問題在實(shí)驗(yàn)室里會怎樣?用什么設(shè)備來測量這些數(shù)值?AP物理1考試中的大部分問題與數(shù)字運(yùn)算無關(guān)。格雷格多年來一直倡導(dǎo)超越數(shù)字的物理教學(xué),依托自己的專業(yè)知識,用樸實(shí)的語言解釋復(fù)雜的概念。
你的物理教科書可能十分晦澀,甚至連高年級學(xué)生也難以理解。本書語言通俗,可讀性很強(qiáng)。當(dāng)你閱讀本書時,你只需嘗試去做章節(jié)末尾的題目,然后從前文尋找答題模板。本書的內(nèi)容回顧就是圍繞這個方法構(gòu)建的。格雷格在書中會提出一些有代表性的問題,并告訴你如何解決它們。同時,還會向你展示相關(guān)實(shí)例和方程,教授你應(yīng)該如何掌握它們的關(guān)聯(lián)性。本書不僅會解釋答案,還會解釋答案背后的推理過程。即便你不擅長物理,也可以輕松地理解本書內(nèi)容。
本書的模擬測試題和練習(xí)題都與AP考試真題的形式高度一致。格雷格物理教學(xué)的一個主要原則就是課堂測試應(yīng)該與真正的AP考試完全一樣。美國大學(xué)理事會(College Board)出版了一份課程學(xué)習(xí)指南,明確了考試題型和內(nèi)容。格雷格的模擬測試題就是依據(jù)該指南編寫的。以大學(xué)理事會的考試風(fēng)格設(shè)置問題,這方面他的經(jīng)驗(yàn)十分豐富。
每道練習(xí)題不僅附有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案,還包括對解題過程的詳盡解析。你的課本后面提供的答案可能非常簡單,諸如2 m/s或增加等?床幻靼椎脑挘环量纯幢緯M測試題及章末習(xí)題的答案,這些答案都很詳細(xì)。本書的答案可以說無微不至,有時甚至提示了你可能會犯的常見錯誤。評卷人期待看到自由問答題的詳盡解答你對自己的備考書應(yīng)該也有同樣的期待。
僅僅使用以往的AP或榮譽(yù)物理課程的教材成功備考是不可能的。即便AP物理1出版已10年之久,大多數(shù)教師和所有AP備考書(本書除外)仍在用同樣的話術(shù)講解同樣的題目,只是調(diào)整了涵蓋的內(nèi)容以適應(yīng)新的考試。而使用上述這些備考書的學(xué)生,在考試當(dāng)天才會幡然醒悟。AP物理1考試考查的是學(xué)生對物理的理解,而非代數(shù)運(yùn)算,并不會因?yàn)槟銓懗鱿嚓P(guān)的方程式而給予同情分。AP物理1需要考生采用一種全新的學(xué)習(xí)方法。你父母那代人可能會對手機(jī)和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)嗤之以鼻,但如果他們?nèi)栽谕ㄟ^固定電話和郵件做生意,生意能做好就純屬幸運(yùn)。從前,物理老師教學(xué)只需反反復(fù)復(fù)的計(jì)算,但那個美好時代已經(jīng)過去了。
Preface vii
Acknowledgments ix
About the Authors xi
Introduction: The Five-Step Program xiii
Step 1 Get to Know the Exam and Set Up Your Study Program
CHAPTER 1 Frequently Asked Questions About the AP Physics 1 Exam 3
FAQs: The AP Physics Program 4
FAQs: The AP Physics 1 Exam 5
CHAPTER 2 Understanding the Exam: The AP Physics 1 Revolution 11
What Happened to the AP Physics Test? 12
What Is AP Physics 1? Eleven Things You Should Know About the Course
and Exam 12
CHAPTER 3 How to Use Your Time 19
Personalizing Your Study Plan 19
Plan A: You Have a Full School Year to Prepare 20
Plan B: You Have One Semester to Prepare 21
Plan C: You Have Six Weeks to Prepare 21
Step 2 Determine Your Test Readiness
CHAPTER 4 Facts to Know for the AP Physics 1 Exam 25
Forces and Motion 26
Conservation Laws 32
Fluids 35
Strategies to Get the Most Out of Your AP Physics Course 37
Seven Simple Strategies 37
Step 3 Develop Strategies for Success
CHAPTER 5 Types of Questions on the AP Physics 1 Exam 43
Three Tools You Can Use, and Why Theyre Not as Useful as You Think 44
How Do You Ask a Calculation Question That Doesnt Need a Calculator? 46
Strategies for Questions That Involve Graphs 49
How the Four Types of Free-Response Questions Are Structured? 51
What Do the Exam Readers Look For? 61
Step 4 Review the Knowledge You Need to Score High
UNIT 1 Kinematics / How Things Move 65
Introduction to Motion in a Straight Line 66
Graphical Analysis of Motion 66
Algebraic Analysis of Motion 69
Practice Problems 73
Solutions to Practice Problems 74
Rapid Review 75
UNIT 2 Force and Translational Dynamics / Newtons Laws 77
Describing Forces: Free-Body Diagrams 78
Determining the Net Force 80
Newtons Third Law 81
Forces at Angles 81
Determining the Gravitational Field 85
Determining Gravitational Force 86
Force of Two Planets on One AnotherOrder of Magnitude Estimates 86
Gravitational and Inertial Mass 87
Motion of the Center of Mass 88
Circular Motion 89
Practice Problems 91
Solutions to Practice Problems 93
Rapid Review 96
UNIT 3 Work, Energy, and Power 97
Energy 98
Work 99
The Work-Energy Theorem 101
Power 102
Gravitational Potential Energy 103
Escape Velocity 103
Practice Problems 104
Solutions to Practice Problems 106
Rapid Review 107
UNIT 4 Linear Momentum / Collisions 109
The Impulse-Momentum Theorem 110
Conservation of Momentum 111
Practice Problems 116
Solutions to Practice Problems 116
Rapid Review 118
UNIT 5 Torque and Rotational Dynamics 119
Torque 120
Rotational Kinematics 122
Rotational Inertia 123
Newtons Second Law for Rotation 124
The Parallel Axis Theorem 125
Practice Problems 126
Solutions to Practice Problems 127
Rapid Review 127
UNIT 6 Energy and Momentum of Rotating Systems / Using Angular Momentum and Rotational Kinetic Energy 129
Angular Momentum 130
Rotational Kinetic Energy 132
Practice Problems 133
Solutions to Practice Problems 133
Rapid Review 134
UNIT 7 Oscillations / Simple Harmonic Motion 135
Simple Harmonic Motion 136
Practice Problems 138
Solutions to Practice Problems 139
Rapid Review 139
UNIT 8 Fluids 141
Practice Problems 146
Free-Response 147
Solutions to Practice Problems 147
Solutions to Free-Response 148
CHPATER 6 Extra Drills on Difficult but Frequently Tested Topics 149
How to Use This Chapter 149
Springs and Graphs 150
Tension 156
Inclined Planes 159
Motion Graphs 162
Step 5 Build Your Test-Taking Confidence
AP Physics 1 Practice Exam 1 169
AP Physics 1 Practice Exam 2 197
Appendixes
Recommended Websites 229
The Pantheon of Pizza 231